CHARACTERISTICS OF MINERALS

            CHARACTERISTICS OF MINERALS

MINERAL PROPERTIES
Are the characteristics of a mineral that helps define it.

Color: The color of a mineral helps define it's color ( gray, green, pink etc..) or colorless/white.
Crystal: Is a mineral that is transparent, you can see thew it. Such as Quartz which is made out of crystal.
Luster: The luster is the property of minerals that points out how much light is being reflected on the mineral.
Hardness: The hardness of a mineral helps tell if the mineral is soft or hard. For example the Diamond is the hardness mineral. Based on Moh's hardness the diamond is 10.
Moh's Scale: The Moh's Scale determine how well a substance can scratch another object.

Cleavage: When a mineral breaks in a cleavage way it means at an even way.
Streak: Streak is the color of the mineral.
Fracture: When a mineral breaks in a fracture way it means the mineral broke at an un-even way.
Density: The density of a mineral is how much mass it has for a given value.
 
   Characteristics of Minerals Video

-LAB-

 CHARACTERISTICS OF MINERALS

-Reflection- Write the question and answer to the reflection questions.
1. What did you enjoy most about this project and why?
What I enjoyed most about this project was creating my own lab activity and teach other people about the characteristics of different types of minerals.
2. What was most challenging for you during this project?
The most challenging thing for me during this project was working with my partner. Because sometimes she came late or was absent and that was really hard to get most of the work done.
3. What new skills did you learn from doing this project?
What new skills I learned from doing this project was to be patient with other people. Because not everything will turn out the way you'd expect it to be, but you have to be patient with things in life in order to succeed.
4. Is there anything that you could have done to improve any of your work? Explain.
If I could have done anything differently I would go back and correct my spelling and grammar.

Shaking Our World Project

                                                    Shaking Our World Project
Asthenosphere Layer
-Song-


Lithosphere Layers
-3 Mini Posters-
-Volcano-
Activities: Foldables
Topics: Lava, Magma, Shield Cone, Composite and Hot Spots.

   Volcanoes are formed in Plate Boundaries where Subduction occurs. As a result causing magma from the mantle to go into the earth's surface. Most of the volcanoes are formed by Hot Spot. Meaning that the magma reaches the surface of the earth, forming volcanoes in a chain like Hawaii. Unlike, gases, ash and lava that comes out of the volcano. There are four types of land forms found in a volcano. The Shield, Cinder Cone, Composite and the Hot Spot. The Shield is when volcanic cones are made up of solid lava. The Cinder Cone are made of rocks, dust and ashes. The Composite is when the volcanic that is made up of layers of lava and rocks. The Hot Spot is where magma reaches the surface of the Plate Tectonic. Magma is known as melted rocks found inside of earth and Lava is melted magma outside the earth's surface.
-Earth Interior-
Activities: Foldables 

Topics: Lithosphere, Hydrosphere, Atmosphere, Crust, Oceanic and continental crust, Mantle Asthenosphere, Density, Inner Core, Outer Core.
     
      The Earth's Interior is made up of four layers. The Crust, Mantle, Inner Core and the Outer Core. There are two types of crusts, the oceanic and continental crust. The Oceanic Crust is 5-10 thickness range km and the Continental Crust is 32-70 thickness range km. Rocks that are found under the ocean are called Oceanic Crust.  The Continental Crust is the thick part of the Earth's Crust, which makes the large landmasses on earth. The temperature in the earth's core is hotter than the sun's surface. As a result this causes heat from the Inner Core to move materials around the Outer Core and the Mantle. There are 3 types of sphere on earth. The Lithosphere, Atmosphere and the Hydrogen. The Lithosphere is the earth's layer that is made of the crust and part of the upper mantle, mostly the solid part of the earth. The Hydrosphere is all the water that is on earth. The Atmosphere is the earth's air. They all interact with each other through the water cycle. The water cycle shows the method of transport for water in the Hydrosphere. This makes the water go under the earth's surface and in the rocks( Lithosphere).
-Faults-
Activities: Foldables
Topics: Normal Faults, Reverse/Thrust and Strike- Slip Faults.
  
   There are three types of faults. The Normal Fault, the Reverse/ Thrust and the Strike- Slip Faults. The Normal Fault is when the rocks move down. The Reverse/ Thrust Fault is when  the rocks move slid past each other. The Strike- Slip Fault is when the rocks slide past each other.

Mantle Layer
- Evidence Paper-

-CRITICAL THINKING QUESTION- Answer the following question in 2-3 paragraphs. You must cite at least 3 pieces of evidence to support your answer. 
Do you agree with the theory of the Plate Tectonics? Why or why not?
    
         Scientists demonstrates the "Theory of the Plate Tectonic as the theory that earth's outer layers is made up plates. The Plate Tectonic develop during the first decades of the 20th century. The theory was develop based on the Continental Drift. According to Wegener, the scientist who said all the continents were once connected to each other until they were broken into landmasses that broke them apart for 200 million years ago. Because the Plate Tectonic is made up of Oceanic Lithosphere it shows all the movement that occurs in the Plate Tectonic. 
      I agree with this theory. Because as scientists say the Plate Tectonic is the earth outer shell and because the plates are function-able to move the earth's lithosphere, it has a higher and lower density than the atmosphere. Meaning, the made of plastic rocks are found below the Earth's Lithosphere. 


-REFLECTION-
1. What did you enjoy most about this project and why?
What I enjoyed most about this project was that I got to be creative using my skills. To learn new facts, learn from the other peers work and for them to learn something from me too.
2. What was most challenging for you during this project and why?
The most challenging work for me during this project was writing the song and singing with Houssai. Because I was really ecstatic to do the song. But when it came to recording the voices and just making sure the music made sense with the lyrics it was very challenging. Overall we worked hard together and it turned out to be a song I really enjoyed and work hard on.
3. What new skills did you learn from doing this project?
I learned many things I didn't know before. For example I never knew that volcano were formed in Plate Boundaries were Subduction occurs. And I'm very thankful that Ms.Kara gave us the chance to explore and seek deep down the Earth Science world.
4. Is there anything that you could have done to improve any of your work? Explain.
 What I would have done differently to change any of my work is that I had been more prepared to get most of my work tested by Ms.Kara and I didn't have to loose any points but to gain more and get a good grade for this final project which I hope I worked hard enough. 

Rotation & Revolution

                                               ROTATION & REVOLUTION

VOCABULARY-

Rotation: Rotation is the Earth's movement around the axis.
 Native Language ( French): Rotation.
Revolution: Earth's revolution is a complete orbit of the sun by the Earth, when it take one full year to go around the Sun.
Native Language ( French): R`evolution.

Axis: The axis is an imaginary line that separates the middle of the Earth.
Native Language ( French): Axe
Tilt: Tilt is when the Earth is "titled" about 23.5 degree from vertical straight and down lines.
Native Language ( French): Tilt
Orbit: The Orbit is the function of an object in space that is located around another object.
Native Language ( French): Orbite
Ellipse: An Ellipse is how the Earth orbits around the sun in the shape of an oval.
Native Language ( French): Ellipse
Equator: The Equator is an imaginary line that divides the Earth into two equal parts known as the Northern Hemisphere and the Southern Hemisphere.
Native Language ( French): Equateur
Time Zones: The Earth has 24 time zones and these lines are known as the Lines of Longitude.
Native Language ( French):  Fuseaux Horaires.
Earth Rotation: Earth's rotation is 24 hours in a clockwise motion. Its rotation give us Day and Night.
Native Language ( French): Rotation de la Terre.
365 Days: 365 days takes Earth to rotate on its axis one time.
Native Language ( French): 365 Jours.
                                                          
                                                               - SUMMARY-
     Rotation is the Earth's movement around the Axis. The Earth rotates on its axis one time in 365 days or 1 year. The Earth is always pointed at the star Polaris known as the North Star. The Earth's revolution is a complete orbit of the sun by the Earth, during one full year to go around the sun. The Earth is always titled to 23.5 degree.
 In our solar system the Earth is sometimes closer to the sun. 
Because like all other planets Earth is an Elliptical orbit around the sun. 
All the planets in our solar system travel 24 hours clockwise it gives    
Day and Night.
Because of Earth's four seasons Summer, Spring, Fall and Winter, 
occur during the time it takes to go around the sun. Seasonal 
weather patterns are shaped by the 23.5 degree tilt, 
our planets spin axis. 
The equator is the line that divides earth into to equal parts. 
Seasons are reversed in the two hemispheres known as the
Northern Hemisphere and the Southern Hemisphere.
                                      -VIDEO-

                                       


    -CRITICAL THINKING QUESTION-
Answer: How is earth affected by movement ( revolution)?

  Earth's revolution takes 365 days or 1 year to revolve around the sun. As a result of Day and Night causing the exact movement of the Moon, Stars and Planets across the Celestial Sphere. Because Earth's rotation is eastward from west to east making the obvious rotation of the Celestial Sphere from east to west directions. Looking at Earth's tilt and Earth's orbit which is an Ellipse help give Earth Direct and Indirect sunlight that causes Earth's seasons. In order for Earth's rotation around the sun, our solar system is both moving with the Milky Way Galaxy and around the Galactic Core, which is the rational center of the Milky Way Galaxy.

-REFLECTION-
1). What did you enjoyed most about this project and why?
What I most enjoyed about this project was working with my skills and doing something beyond my imagination and exploring new things.
2). What was most challenging for you during this project?
What was most challenging for me during this project was planning the whole project and how it was going to look in video form.
3). What new skills did you learn from doing this project?
What new skills I learned was that you don't have to be talented or perfect to do things you just have to try your best and make the best out of yourself.
4). Is there anything that you would have done to improve any of your work? Explain.
 What I would do is go back and change my grammar and spellings and make sure I have the accurate and clear responses to all my answers.





         

Geologic Time Period - Cretaceous

CRETACEOUS- The Mesozoic Era

    The cretaceous time period started 144 to 65 million years ago, it is the final of the Mesozoic Era.This was when the Earth started to flourish. Many volcanic activities started appearing and in the oceans many giant Turtles, Marine Reptiles were appearing. On lands new Dinosaurs, Mountains, Insects, Flowers and Birds were appearing. At the end of the Cretaceous time period many Dinosaurs and other species became extinct. The Cretaceous Era was also the time in which life as it now exist on Earth came together to form the Earth we live in today.


                                                   Reflection
1). What did you enjoy most about this project?
What I enjoyed most about this project was the fact that I learned something I didn't know before and turning it into a creative project.
2). What was most challenging about this project? Why?
What was the most challenging part for me in this project was making the reference sheet. where we got the information and also recording that information on the video.
3). What would you change about this project and why?
What I would change about this project is I would go back and change my spelling and grammar to make it more accurate.
4). What are 3 things that you learned from this project?

• I learned that the Cretaceous Era was the period where Earth started to Flourish.
• I learned that the Cretaceous Era lasted for 65 million years ago.
• I learned that The Geological Time Scale is the study of the Earth from the beginning of time to the present.

GLOG

THE STARS

                                                                      STARS

                                     

In the Universe Stars are sphere of gas held together by their own gravity. Stars are hot gas giants. There are different types of Stars.  A star is born by the process of Stellar Nebula. As the star gets older it becomes part of the cloud and gets smaller because of gravity. As it gets smaller it becomes hotter and until its hot enough, nuclear reactions starts in the middle and a new star is born.There are Blue, Blue White, White, Yellow, Orange and Red stars. Stars have many characteristics, the star name, temperature and the luminosity of the stars. The star name tells its common or catalog name. The temperature tells the surface of the star and the luminosity tells how bright a star is including the number times of brightness the star is than our sun. 

       There are four types of stars. The Supergiants, Giants, White Dwarfs and the Main Sequence Stars. The H-R Diagram of a star tells where to find the main sequence, white dwarf, giant and supergiant are located on the diagram. The Nuclear Fusion inside a star changes into Hydrogen gas molecules into helium molecule. The result of this process is how a star produce energy. H= Hydrogen He = Helium. The life of a star is pretty simple if we put it this way it will be more easy. The Stellar Nebula is where a star is born then becomes a protostar (baby star). As the star gets older and older it becomes a Red Giant. The life of a star has 3 types in the stellar nebula. Sun-like stars, huge stars and giant stars. All these types shows how a stars is born and its lifestyle.

       

Planet Profile- Saturn

                                                                SATURN

                                             

Planet order: 6th from the sun.
Distance from the Sun: Saturn distance from the sun is 1.4 million kilometers
Mass: 5.68e26 kilogram
Diameter: 119,300 kilometers
Rotation: It's day is 10 hours 39 minutes long, and it takes 29.5 earth years to revolve around the sun
Revolution: 29.46 years
Number of moons: 62 moons
Terrestrial or Jovian: Jovian because Saturn is a gas giant
 Planet Description:
        Saturn is a gas giant meaning it is a Jovian. It is the sixth planet from the sun. Saturn is the mother planet of the moon titan, which is the second largest moon in the solar system. Saturn along with Jupiter, Uranus and Neptune, is a giant gas. They refer to as Jovian meaning "Jupiter-like", planets. Because Saturn is a large mass of and resulting gravity,  it is similar to Earth.
 
Interesting Facts:
   Scientists have discovered about 60 moons orbiting Saturn. The spectacular rings of Saturn have earn it the name of " The Jewel Of The Solar System".  Saturn has seven thin, flat rings around it.
Saturn's ring system makes the planet one of the most beautiful objects in the solar system.

Hurricane Irene Project

Critical Thinking
1). What time of the year do hurricanes occur? Why do they only happen during that time?
Hurricanes occur during hurricane season which is from late June to the beginning of November. They happen during the hottest time of the months.
2). How can the timing of the Tides ( high or low) effect the devastation of a hurricane?
 If there's a  storm surge  and it arrives at the same time as the high and low tides, the water height will increase, causing the hurricane to grow stronger.
3). If an area is fully saturated, will a hurricane have more or less impact on an area?
The hurricane will have more impact on that area. Because if the area cannot hold any water then it already have then it will flood (Flooding).
4). How does groundwater saturation affect rivers and streams? because
 water becomes the surface water in the form of springs, streams/rivers, lakes and wetlands.

Reflection
1). What is something that you liked about this Mini-Project?
I liked that we studied about different types of Hurricane Irene.
2). What was difficult for you on this project?
Collecting some of the  informations was difficult.
3). What would you change about your work on this project?
I would change grammar mistakes, while I was writing if something was misspelled.
4). How did this project help you learn about hurricane Irene?
I learn that Hurricane Irene are danderous. They rotate clockwise, they are strong tropical storms or winds. With many causes, such as destroying houses, causing trees to break, lower the economics and the lost of more money to rebuild things that were destroyed.